Studies: Tropical storms are strongly influenced by solar activity and ocean cycles

Tropical storms have plagued humans since the start. Today we will shed some light on the activity pattern of the Pacific region.

Toomey et al. 2016 examined tropical storm activity in the South Pacific for the past 3000 years.

Conclusion: During the period from 2600 to 1500 years B.P., storms were at their worst.

What follows is an excerpt from the paper’s abstract:

Our companion record of tropical cyclone activity from Tahaa suggests major storm activity was higher between 2600-1500 years B.P., when decadal scale SPCZ variability may also have been stronger. A transition to lower storm frequency and a shift or expansion of the SPCZ [South Pacific Convergence Zone] toward French Polynesia around 1000 years B.P. may have prompted Polynesian migration into the central Pacific.”

In the Western North Pacific, it was discovered that cyclonic storm activity was surprisingly strongly coupled to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). In February 2018 Zhang et al. reported:

Dominant Role of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in the Recent Decadal Changes in Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity:

Over the 1997–2014 period, the mean frequency of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) was markedly lower (~18%) than the period 1980–1996.

Here we show that these changes were driven by an intensification of the vertical wind shear in the southeastern/eastern WNP tied to the changes in the Walker circulation, which arose primarily in response to the enhanced sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the North Atlantic, while the SST anomalies associated with the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the tropical Pacific and the anthropogenic forcing play only secondary roles.

These results are based on observations and experiments using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Forecast-oriented Low-ocean Resolution Coupled Climate Model coupled climate model. The present study suggests a crucial role of the North Atlantic SST in causing decadal changes to WNP TC frequency.”

In September 2017, Takahashi et al had assumed that here sulfate aerosol emissions may have played a role. The explanation of the AMO presented by Zhang et al. probably makes more sense because ocean cycles are gaining greater importance as a climate factor in the attribution of observed natural climate variability.

Next, we go on to Australia. Dowdy 2014 showed that the frequency of tropical storms had declined. Moreover, it appears that El Nino is a variable. This is also confirmed by a chart of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology:

Haig & Nott 2016 investigated the development of Australian tropical storms over the past 1,500 years and here found an impact by solar activity fluctuations:

Solar forcing over the last 1,500 years and Australian tropical cyclone activity:

Accurate seasonal and decadal predictions of tropical cyclone activity are essential for the development of mitigation strategies for the 2.7 billion residents living in cyclone-prone regions.

The traditional indices (Southern Oscillation Index and various sea surface temperature indices) have fallen short in recent years as seasonal predictors within the Australian region. The short length of these records (i.e., <50 years) has meant that our current knowledge of larger-scale drivers at interdecadal, centennial, and millennial scales is limited.

The development of a new tropical cyclone activity index spanning the last 1,500 years has enabled the examination of tropical cyclone climatology at higher temporal resolution than was previously possible. Here we show that in addition to other well-known climate indices, solar forcing largely drives decadal, interdecadal, and centennial cycles within the tropical cyclone record.”

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