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It Takes Big Energy To Back Up Little Wind And Solar

by David Wojick, guest post
April 01, 2021, 9:52 AM
in News and Opinion
Reading Time: 5 mins read
A A
12

solar wind renewablesPower system design can be extremely complex, but one simple number is painfully obvious.

At least it’s painful (and terribly inconvenient) to advocates of wind and solar power – which may be why we never hear about it, why it too often gets deliberately hidden from view. It is a big, bad number.

To my knowledge, this big number has no name, but it should. Let’s call it the “minimum backup requirement” for wind and solar, or MBR.

The minimum backup requirement is how much generating capacity a system must have if it is to reliably produce the electricity we need when wind and solar don’t.

For most places, the magnitude of MBR is very simple. It is all the juice needed on the hottest or coldest low wind nights. It is night, so there is no solar.

Sustained wind is less than eight miles per hour, so there is no wind power. It is very hot or very cold, so the need for power is very high.

In many places, MBR will be close to the maximum power the system ever needs, because heatwaves and cold spells are often low-wind events as well. Both heat and cold are often caused by large high-pressure systems that have very little wind in them.

During heatwaves, it may be a bit hotter during the day but not that much. During cold spells, it is often coldest at night, when people need power the most, so they don’t freeze to death in the dark. Think Texas.

Thus what is called “peak demand” is a good approximation for the maximum backup requirement. In other words, there has to be enough reliable generating capacity to provide all the maximum power the system will ever need. For any public power system, that is a very big number; as big as it gets, in fact.

Actually, it’s even a bit bigger, because there also has to be a margin of safety, or what is called “reserve capacity.” This is to account for something not working as and when it should. Fifteen percent is a typical reserve in American systems. This makes MBR something like 115% of peak demand.

We’re often told wind and solar are cheaper than coal, gas, and nuclear power. But that does not include the MBR for wind and solar. What is relatively cheap for wind and solar is the cost to produce a unit of electricity under optimal conditions. This is often called LCOE or the “Levelized Cost Of Energy.”

What we really need to be talking about has to reflect the need to add reliable backup energy to give people the power they need, when they need it. This total cost makes wind and solar very expensive.

In short, the true cost of wind and solar is LCOE + MBR. This is the huge cost you never hear about. But if every state goes to wind and solar, then each one will need to have MBR for roughly its entire peak demand. That is an enormous amount of generating capacity.

It means more than doubling the normally needed generating capacity … the raw materials to build that dual capacity … and the real costs of having insufficient, widely dispersed, land-intensive, weather dependent, unreliable wind and solar, plus that minimum backup requirement.

Simply put, it takes big energy to back up what is often too little wind and solar power.

Of course, the cost of MBR depends on the generating technology. Battery storage is out because the cost is astronomical for the billions of half-ton battery modules that would be needed to store enough power for a city, state, region, or country during multiple days of low wind and low sun.

Gas-fired generation might be best, but it is fossil-fueled, as is coal. If one insists on zero fossil fuels, then nuclear is probably the only option.

Operating nuclear plants as intermittent backup is stupid and expensive, but so is no fossil-fuel generation – or no electricity generation. And getting new nuclear plants built almost anywhere on planet Earth is all but impossible in today’s political climate.

What is clearly ruled out is 100% renewables, because there would frequently be no electricity at all. That is unless geothermal could be made to work on an enormous scale, which would take many decades to develop. (And many of the best traditional geothermal sites are in or near national parks, and other scenic or natural areas, like Yellowstone, making environmentalist opposition a foregone conclusion.)

It is clear that the Biden Administration’s goal of zero fossil-fuel electricity by 2035 (without nuclear) is economically impossible because of the minimum backup requirements for wind and solar. You can’t get there from here.

We shouldn’t have to wonder why we almost never hear about this obviously enormous cost for wind and solar.

Bringing it into the open would seriously undermine the case for “affordable, clean, green, renewable, sustainable” energy. So the utility companies I’ve looked at avoid it with a clever trick.

Dominion Energy, which supplies most of Virginia’s juice, is a good example. The Virginia Legislature passed a law (the 2020 Virginia Clean Energy Act) saying Dominion’s power generation had to be zero fossil-fueled by 2045. Dominion developed a Plan explaining how they would supposedly do this.

Tucked away in passing on page 119, the company says it will expand its capacity for importing power purchased from other utilities. This increase happens to be to an amount equal to their peak demand.

The plan is to buy all the MBR juice from the neighbors! But if everyone is going wind and solar, no one will have the juice to sell. In fact, they will all be trying to buy power – which cannot possibly work.

Don’t forget, the high-pressure systems that cause low wind can be huge, covering a dozen or more states. They can last for days.

For that matter, no one has that kind of excess generating capacity today, when we still have abundant coal, gas, and nuclear power for primary electricity generation and backup.

Most utilities are barely covering their own needs as it is. Once every utility, in every state, is required to go 100% zero fossil fuel, it will be a guaranteed debacle, over and over.

Big cities like New York won’t be able to buy their way out of repeated blackouts.

To summarize, for every utility there will be times when there is zero wind and solar power, combined with near-peak demand. Meeting this huge need is the minimum backup requirement.

The huge cost of meeting this requirement is part of the cost of wind and solar power – the part nobody wants to talk about, especially politicians, environmentalists, and utilities. MBR makes wind and solar extremely expensive.

The simple question to ask the Biden Administration, the states, and their power utilities is this: How will you provide power on hot or cold low-wind nights?

When you ask that question, stay by the microphone, so that you can demand more than the doubletalk, phony assurances, and outright lies you will assuredly get when they first respond to this vitally important, inconvenient, anti-woke question.


David Wojick is an independent analyst specializing in science, logic, and human rights in public policy and author of numerous articles on these topics.

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Comments 12

  1. Spurwing Plover says:
    5 years ago

    Putting Save Energy commercials on TV makes sense don’t it?

    Reply
  2. Steen Larsen says:
    5 years ago

    For solar night time is not the worst. The biggest problem is another natural phenomenon : Winter

    Reply
    • Sonnyhill says:
      5 years ago

      Every day in the winter, I wonder how little energy is provided from solar panels. It’s usually overcast, the sun is low and AWOL 15 hours a day. There’s a website that tells us where our electricity climate from, but I’d rather eat worms than go there and confirm my suspicions. We don’t need the electricity because the Socialists have killed the demand.

      Reply
  3. Paolo Tancon says:
    5 years ago

    Texas learned a great lesson when their wind turbines froze up and lack of back-up power to replace them!

    Reply
  4. Gumnut says:
    5 years ago

    Even in sunny Australia, solar power does not stack up, except for off-grid use in remote areas.

    Running the whole country on solar and wind will prove impossible irregardless of stored hydro operating as a battery back-up.

    The industry ignores the manifest negatives and wholly exaggerates the positives, while raking the suckers and the dollars in. Meanwhile, the complicit media, politicians and teachers ramp up the activist propaganda in what is effectively the biggest con ever seen.

    Reply
    • Sonnyhill says:
      5 years ago

      Biggest con ever, indeed.

      Reply
  5. Bruce Kienlen says:
    5 years ago

    Perhaps once people cannot power up their cell phones and the internet Wifi goes down they will start to question how reliable is the electrical grid.

    Reply
  6. David Lewis says:
    5 years ago

    Instead of having dual generating capacity it makes sense to scrap the one that is unreliable and keep the reliable fossil fuels. Unfortunately those in power don’t do what makes sense.

    I suspect that the MBR issue isn’t only ignored, but most of the people in power making decision are unaware of it. The only way to reach net zero is to have power outages become a routine way of life. This will be a mix of short outages and those lasting for days. Think of the impact on industry. I have worked for three companies that ran long term tests that had to be continuous for technical reasons. A power outage meant starting over. There are also industrial processes where the product is ruined if interrupted. We are likely to follow what was done in Southern Australia, California, and Texas. Fossil fuel plants will be shut down without MBR being available.

    Reply
    • Rhee says:
      5 years ago

      Biden wants to set the nation back to the stone age while the Chinas & Indias keep on moving ahead to the 22nd century

      Reply
  7. Steven L. Kennedy says:
    5 years ago

    The MBR is even worse in situations like our Texas Freeze. No battery can backup for the FIVE days we needed it to. A couple of years ago, the UK went NINE days without wind. Again, what battery can backup that long ?

    Reply
    • David Lewis says:
      5 years ago

      Southern Australia’s 50 million dollar battery answered the question on how long battery back up can last. That battery was only able to power their grid for only a few minutes..

      Reply
  8. Spurwing Plover says:
    5 years ago

    How about A Fossil Fuel Powered Generator for EV Charging Station Yeah that sure makes sense don’t it?

    Reply

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