The Independent, not to mention Michael Mann, long ago lost any credibility. Here’s a good example why:
Preventing global warming from becoming “dangerous” may have just got significantly harder after new research suggested climate scientists have been using the wrong baseline temperature.
The amount of global warming is often measured relative to the late 19th century even though this is about 100 years after the start of the industrial revolution, when humans started burning large amounts of fossil fuels.
Now an international team of scientists has suggested that the Earth’s true “pre-industrial” temperature could be up to 0.2 degrees Celsius cooler.
That would mean that instead of about 1C of global warming, the planet’s average temperature may have risen by up to 1.2C.
According to the Paris Agreement on climate change, the world should try to limit global warming to as close to 1.5C as possible to avoid its worst effects, such as deadly heatwaves, sea level rise that threatens coastal cities and more violent storms.
One of the researchers, Professor Michael Mann, said the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) had been using a definition of pre-industrial “that is likely underestimating the warming that has already taken place”.
“That means we have less carbon to burn than we previously thought, if we are to avert the most dangerous changes in climate,” he said.
“When the IPCC says that we’ve warmed 1C relative to pre-industrial, that’s probably incorrect. It’s likely as much as 1.2C.”
The study, described in a paper in the journal Nature Climate Change, found that anything from 0.02C to 0.21C of warming could already have taken place before the late 19th century.
The lower end of that range would mean the current use of the late 19th century is reasonably accurate, but the upper end would be a substantial change.
Professor Mann, of Pennsylvania State University, said that either the Paris targets “have to be revised” or the world could simply decide that they only wanted to restrict warming relative to the 19th century.
https://uk.news.yahoo.com/climate-scientists-may-underestimating-global-150047680.html
Well pardon me for gatecrashing the alarmists’ “We’re all going to die party”
But the world’s climate is, without question, much more amenable since the Little Ice Age. If this is the case via 1.2C, rather than 1.0C, degree of warming, then surely that means that the consequences of another half a degree or so are hardly a case for panic!
In any event, we have not got a clue what the average temperature of the Earth is now, never mind what it was 200 years ago.
If proper engineers and scientists presented this sort of junk science to their superiors, they would quickly end up in the dole queue.
Read more at Not A Lot Of People Know That
Sitting in the trees like that crak-pot Julia(Butterfly)Hill did for two years in a tree she called LUNA(Lunatics like herself and her crazy friends)and getting the usail news coverage from the liberal lap-dog media who always covers these Enviromentalists Wackos I know we had a few tree sitter idiots in a local logging sale a few years ago sitting in the trees but our county(Siskiyou)is’nt as wacko as they are in Southern California
Look Windy Rakooi is back from under their stone with the rest of the orcs
For the eco-left, it’s time to stomp their feet and hold their breaths.
…Go ahead, we’ve got time.
“But the world’s climate is, without question, much more amenable since the Little Ice Age. If this is the case via 1.2C, rather than 1.0C, degree of warming, then surely that means that the consequences of another half a degree or so are hardly a case for panic!
In any event, we have not got a clue what the average temperature of the Earth is now, never mind what it was 200 years ago.”
The REALITY is that THIS interglacial Warm Period reached its PEAK temperatures 7500 years ago.
There is no skeptic dispute on that.
We have had slowly falling temps. since then.
There is no skeptic dispute on that.
Much of the last 1000 years with the help of the Maunder Min. is called the LITTLE ICE AGE….because of the temps falling.
As referred to in the article quote above…in the period from 1750-1800 or so…temps reversed course and are not SEVERAL DEGREES Fahrenheit WARMER THAN the LITTLE ICE AGE.
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SKEPTICS have, to date, NOT offered ONE Coherent explanation why our FALL in Temps. toward the next ice age was ended.
SKEPTICS have, to date, NOT offered ONE Coherent explanation to explain WHAT natural FORCE was SO STRONG THAT it ended the drift toward the next ice age and WARMED THE TROPOSPHERE all the while it COOLED the STRATOSPHERE.
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The Enhanced Green House Effect warming temperatures DOES explain these effects.
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AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED over the last half century is NOW ABLE TO MEASURE THAT PROCESS AS IT HAPPENS.
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(The Unique Isotopic Signature proves that this CO2 INCREASE is from Human Activities & the Burning of Fossil Fuels)
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CO2 traps heat
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According to radiative physics & decades of laboratory measurements, increased CO2 in the atmosphere is expected to absorb more infrared radiation as it escapes back out to space.
In 1970, NASA launched the IRIS satellite measuring infrared spectra.
In 1996, the Japanese Space Agency launched the IMG satellite which recorded similar observations.
Both sets of data were compared to discern any changes in outgoing I.R. energy radiation over the 26 year period .
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GOOGLE: IRIS Satellite
GOOGLE: Japanese Satellite IMG
Google this SOURCE: (Harries 2001).
these research studies have been peer reviewed
(red team blue team, True adversarily critiques),
published in respected Science Journals & the science has been repeatedly been Replicated.
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What they found was a drop in outgoing radiation at the wavelength bands that greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane (CH4) absorb energy.
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The reductions in outgoing radiation was consistent with Global Warming theoretical expectations.
** Thus these research studies & papers found “direct experimental evidence for a significant increase in the Earth’s greenhouse effect” and Global Warming.
( If Infra Red HEAT Energy, does not escape, it is retained in our Earth System as rising temperatures, warming seas,melting Ice. )
These results has been confirmed by subsequent Research papers using data from later satellites.
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Google this SOURCE: (Griggs 2004)
Google this SOURCE: ( Chen 2007 )
THIS research has been Peer Reviewed (red team blue team)
widely published and replicated repeatedly.
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Change in spectrum from 1970 to 1996 due to trace greenhouse gases. ‘Brightness temperature’ indicates equivalent blackbody temperature
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Google this SOURCE: (Harries 2001).
Peer reviewed (red team blue team), published and replicated.
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When greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation, the energy heats the atmosphere which in turn re-radiates infrared radiation in all directions.
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Much of it makes its way back to the earth’s lower atmosphere.
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Hence we expect to find more infrared radiation heading downwards.
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Surface measurements from 1973 to 2008 find an increasing trend of infrared radiation returning to earth.
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Google this SOURCE: (Wang 2009)
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A regional study over the central Alps found that downward infrared radiation is increasing due to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
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Google this SOURCE: (Philipona 2004)
Peer reviewed (red team blue team) published and replicated.
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Taking this a step further, an analysis of high resolution spectral data allowed scientists to quantitatively attribute the increase in downward radiation to each of several greenhouse gases.
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Google this SOURCE: (Evans 2006)
Peer reviewed (red team blue team) published and replicated.
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The results lead the authors to conclude that “this experimental data should effectively end the argument by skeptics that no experimental evidence exists for the connection between greenhouse gas increases in the atmosphere and global warming.”
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Spectrum of the greenhouse radiation measured at the surface.
Greenhouse effect from water vapor is filtered out, showing the contributions of other greenhouse gases.
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Google this SOURCE: (Evans 2006)
Peer Reviewed (red team blue team),widely published, & replicated.
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The planet IS accumulating heat
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When there is more energy coming in than escaping back out to space, our climate accumulates heat. The planet’s total heat build up can be derived by adding up the heat content from the ocean, atmosphere, land and ice.
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Google this SOURCE: (Murphy 2009)
Peer reviewed (red team blue team) widely published, & replicated.
Michael Mann is as as rediclous and as delerious as Al Gore and those idiots from Greenpeace