California’s green energy mandates played a role in forcing the closure of the Navajo Generating Station (NGS) in Arizona, potentially opening up the Golden State to a federal lawsuit, according to a former lawmaker.
Under state law, California public utilities are basically prohibited from renewing contracts with coal-fired power plant. Utilities must instead use fuels that emit less carbon dioxide, like natural gas, solar and wind power.
California imports more than 30 percent of its electricity, so the mandate is impacting states that send electricity into the Golden State.
Chuck DeVore, a vice president with the conservative Texas Public Policy Foundation and a former California legislator, said the law was “potentially unconstitutional,” violating the U.S. Constitution’s Commerce Clause.
“A little-known and potentially unconstitutional California law, SB 1368, passed in 2006, prohibits California utilities from renewing any electric contracts from coal-fired power plants,” DeVore told The Daily Caller News Foundation.
DeVore has run the numbers, and noticed Arizona power plants are much less sensitive to changes in natural gas prices than other states. If California’s green energy laws may play a role, President Donald Trump, among others, could take the state to court.
“The irony here is that California is the nation’s largest importer of electricity, and, while we’re told that beggars shouldn’t be choosers, California not only chooses the electricity it imports, it dictates to the entire West what sort of power it deems acceptable,” DeVore says.
Three out-of-state coal plants provided up to 50 percent of the electricity for Southern California as late as 2015. Now those plants are being closed or converted to burn natural gas, in part due to California policy.
NGS isn’t just a power plant, it’s an economic lifeline for the Navajo and Hopi tribes. Most NGS and Kayenta Mine, that supplies NGS’s coal, employees are American Indians, enjoying some of the highest-paying jobs on reservation lands. If the plant goes, 755 plant and mine jobs go with it.
Challenging the constitutionality of green energy laws is not unprecedented. There have been at least three high-profile cases challenging state green energy mandates.
The Energy and Environment Legal Institute sued Colorado in 2014, arguing the state’s green energy mandate created artificial barriers to interstate commerce. A federal court rules against E&E Legal, but another federal court sided with North Dakota that same year challenging Minnesota’s green energy mandate.
The 8th Circuit Court ruled in April 2014 that Minnesota’s mandate was “impermissible extraterritorial legislation and therefore a per se violation of the dormant commerce clause.”
“They work to divide the interstate market for a commodity that is fungible and indistinguishable, namely electricity, by letting each state create artificial barriers to electricity based on how they define so called ‘green energy generation’ and then close off a portion of their state market to only energy produced in that fashion,” Chaim Mandelbaum, counsel to E&E Legal, told TheDCNF.
“Unfortunately the 10th Circuit failed to accept our argument,” Mandelbaum said.
Utilities file suit in Illinois against the state’s plan to plough $235 million in subsidies to keep two nuclear power plants, arguing the payments violated the dormant commerce clause.
Utilities argued the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has authority over electricity markets.
Some 29 states have laws mandating utilities get certain percentages of their electricity from green energy sources, like wind and solar. Another seven states have non-binding green energy targets.
